March 14 marks World Endometriosis Day, a key date to raise awareness about a condition that affects 1 in 10 women of reproductive age. Despite its high prevalence, many people are still unaware of what the endometrium is and how its role in the menstrual cycle can lead to this debilitating condition.

What is the endometrium and what is its function?

The endometrium is the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus and plays a fundamental role in the menstrual cycle. Each month, this tissue thickens in preparation for a possible pregnancy. If implantation of an embryo does not occur, the endometrium sheds, resulting in menstruation.

Endometriosis: when the endometrium grows out of place

Endometriosis is a disorder in which endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, affecting organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and even the intestines. During the menstrual cycle, this tissue behaves like the endometrium—thickening, breaking down, and bleeding—but since it is outside the uterus, it has no way to exit the body. This leads to inflammation, severe pain, and, in some cases, infertility.

Symptoms and diagnosis: more than just menstrual pain

Many people believe that severe menstrual cramps are normal, but debilitating pain is one of the warning signs of endometriosis. Other symptoms include:

• Chronic pelvic pain

• Heavy or irregular periods

• Digestive or intestinal issues

• Difficulty getting pregnant

Diagnosis is often delayed because symptoms can be mistaken for other conditions. Consulting with specialists is essential to receiving the proper treatment.

Breaking the silence: Let’s talk about endometriosis

On this World Endometriosis Day, it is crucial to raise awareness, promote early diagnosis, and ensure access to effective treatments. If you experience persistent symptoms, do not normalize the pain—seek information, consult a specialist, and join the conversation about menstrual health.

For more information and specialized support, visit our ally, the Colombian Association of Endometriosis and Infertility, an organization dedicated to education, support, and raising awareness about this condition.